Thus Allah has said: Flight will not benefit you at all if you are fleeing from death or being killed. So it is incumbent on each Muslim to make preparation for death before it comes. In accordance with Muslim concepts of death and dying, loud screams and lamentations are performed only by women. What to expect; First visit; FAQ; Our Practice; Why? But most women stay home and wait for the funeral party to return. Lebanese culture and traditions. Some Muslim families accept flowers for . The katb Al-kitaab is the marriage ceremony. When I asked my friend about this attitude, I was told that death is a transitiona bridge to a happy and everlasting life in heaven. The woman who cries this is the wife of the dead man. You have no cause for discontent with us, and we are going to return for you, so let him who will beware, beware, for there are no dwellers whether in hair tents or in villages, whether on land or on sea, but we examine their faces five times daily and at night, so that I know them both small and great, know them individually. Food, Meals and Sympathy Baskets. Let us go back to the days of the pharaohs of ancient Egypt. I know not., They ask, Well, what do you say about this man who was sent [on a mission] among you? But again he replies, Alas! Oct 21, 2014. O Lord, let not the hour arrive. . Conversely, Christianity generally emphasizes afterlife more than being in the world. +91-9879950702 Monday - Friday 10:00 - 7:30 Rakhiyal, Ahmedabad, Gujarat . When a loved one dies in Aboriginal society in Australia's Northern Territory, elaborate rituals begin. Some people even paint their windows black to show their distress and to express sorrow for the departure of a beloved relative or friend. While there are a number of variations, the Orthodox funeral generally consists of three Services. A person sitting next to the body reads from the Koran. The Lebanese are extremely proud of the amount of cultural heritage they share. The Prophet continued: But when an unbeliever is drawing near to the next world and being cut off from this world, there descends to him from heaven angels whose faces are black, bringing with them hair-cloth, and take their seats just within his vision. Folks used not to go grey in your time., He said: I heard the summons, and I thought it was the resurrection, so out of fear my head and my beard went white., Someone asked: How long have you been dead? and he answered, Four thousand years, yet the anguish of dying [21] has not left me.. Whether it is Indian, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan or Pakistani, a Muslim wedding in South Asia is sure to be a beautiful and celebratory affair. Anthropologist Ellen Schattschneider describes a funeral custom which began during World War II in northern Japan. Preparation of the Body. [3] Italics added by the author. system, an inner piety or disposition, or ritual practices (Wulff, 1997). This was considered a "bad death.". Gamali means "my camel.". One such ritual is henna night, where the bride's hands are decorated with intricate henna designs. At this point I feel safe in concluding that Islam in the Middle East gives more attention to death than Christianity. Dying is widely connected with religious and philosophical beliefs, and with elaborate rituals. Again, such a belief resembles the Muslim beliefs, i.e., white is the symbol of purity and blackness is the symbol of sin. Christians. Even the food in Lebanon is closer to European and western. 185 Heber J. [1] Hughes' Dictionary of Islam (London, 1885), 7981. Its like vacationing in Las Vegas! I have touched upon the attitudes and customs of various Middle Eastern cultures toward the inevitable mystery of death. Nowadays in the Middle East the family of the deceased goes to the grave carrying a palm tree leaf to put on the grave instead of flowers. This is your day that you were promised., He will ask, And who are you? to which [the man] will reply, I am your evil deeds, whereat he will say, O Lord, let not the hour arrive. Make supplication to Allah for me that he let me be again as I was (among the living)., As for dying, he said, For a true believer the distress and anxiety of dying are equivalent to that from three hundred strokes.. Donning dark colours for mourning has been strongly associated with death and loss for centuries in the west and is a practice believed to date back to the Roman times. Upon completion of all formalities, the "Report of the Death of . The family of the deceased are in mourning, crying all this time. Unlike birth rituals, however, although death rituals have also largely been replaced by Western conventions, some traditions remain strong. Although religious activity and behaviors (e.g., prayer) are not consistently associated with less death anxiety or grief, the integrity of specific religious beliefs may play a greater role (Fortner, Neimeyer, & Rybarczyk, 2000). By Allah, we are doing him no injustice. This is a good-bye and last prayer. [4] Reminiscent of the words of Jesus in the New Testament, Mark 10:25. [32] The women lock the room where the body is kept, stay in the living room, and begin to wail so that everybody in the neighborhood will know that somebody in this house died and a funeral is pending. When the women scream and slap their faces, you will probably hear one word yagamili "Oh, my camel.". Flowers in the Middle East are still considered a sign of joy, but a palm leaf is not so joyful. It is an expression in Egypt similar to the American idea of visiting the dead with flowers. When the women scream and slap their faces, you will probably hear one wordyagamiliOh, my camel. The woman who cries this is the wife of the dead man. The Christian's body is considered sacred because it was the Temple of the Holy Spirit. Many problems in understanding the dances stem from the way that the evidence is preserved. He goes on to share that "a tradition popular in Bangladesh and parts of India is the Gaye Holud. The Prophet spoke clearly about the distress and bitterness of dying as a word of wholesome advice to his community. The two great toes are brought in contact and fastened with a thin strip of cloth to keep the legs together. If not, the marriage will is going up a slippery slope, so to speak. Clothe him in a celestial garment, open for him a door giving on the Garden through which may come to him its breezes and its aroma, and expand his grave for him as far as eye can reach., Then there approaches him a sweet-smelling man of handsome countenance, who says to him: Good tidings of that which please you. The damini is kept separate and tied on afterwards. Stick dough on the door, Lebanon. Then they pour plenty of water on the corpse and wash off all the dirt and filth with soap, using flocks of cotton or cloth. Traditionally, the wake is a time for family and friends to keep vigil or watch over the body of a loved one prior to the funeral. Islamic mourning traditions provide ritual and structure for Muslims going through the process of grieving the loss of a loved one. -thinks across disciplinary boundaries; and Symbolically, a person is buried wearing his suit and tie (if he worked in one of the professions), with a new haircut, everything prepared as if he is alive. Here's a glimpse of what used to be, or maybe is still practiced, in some parts of Lebanon: 1. But such a procession lets everyone know that a funeral is taking place. Then what have you done in preparation for it? asked the Prophet. As Lebanon is a relatively new country, there aren't many traditions that the Lebanese can truly call their own. The aforementioned details show clearly that in Islam afterlife for good men is something to look forward to. And a man with a hideous countenance comes to him shockingly dressed, of a vile smell, and he says, Be joyful in that which maketh thee miserable; this is the day that was promised thee., Then the dead man says, Who art thou? It depicts both spiritual and material life. Lebanon is more diverse than the average middle eastern country and it is a sign of freedom, pluralism, and tolerance between the west and east. When the family visits the house, they prepare rahmah. Even as late as in Egyptian Christianity, some forms are still easily identified. Those invited for dinner are expected to remain all evening, and it would be inappropriate to leave directly after the meal. After sunset, all the clan stand outside the tent on chairs, there receiving the condolences of others. This is said to predict the success of the marriage. Underneath the house is the basement where the caskets are lined up. The sheer diversity of culture has made for an interesting group of people living together in one place. Unfortunately, Apple's iOS doesn't support home screen shortcuts in the Chrome browser. The World of Music Therefore, hes the camel of the family, symbolic of the endurance of the camel, capable of crossing many miles in desert without even a sip of water. It is recorded that Abu Hamid al-Laffaf said: It is recorded in Muslim sources that Jesus used to raise the dead by Allahs permission. Muslims, practitioners of the Islamic faith, believe that if you lived a good life, you will go to Paradise after you die. First, however, I would like to share with you my impressions, as a Middle Easterner, of my first experience with an American funeral, which took place in Salt Lake City. Every time a pot of water is poured the Kalimatu sh-shada (the words of testimony) is repeated: Ash-hahadu an la ilia Allah, which means I testify that there is no deity but God), either by the person washing or someone else. And controversy arose over bin Laden's burial at sea. Then the Angel of Death takes the soul of the infidel, and having taken it, the angels do not allow it to remain with him even for the twinkling of an eye, but they take it in the sackcloth, and a disagreeable smell issues from the soul, like that of the most fetid carcass that can be met with upon the face of the earth. [10] This has reference to washing the body of the deceased. The family serves the sweet dish to visitors who come to the household to . Family Structure: . Next a feast is held, with mourners painted ochre as they partake in food and dance. What makes death and dying so interesting is that its treatment varies from one country to another and from one culture to another. It is opened to them and the chief personages in each heaven receive it and accompany it to that which lies beyond it, till finally they arrive with it at the seventh heaven. When we go as Americans or Europeans, we focus our attention on movements, tourist attractions, etc., but we seldom care to see or investigate how the Middle Eastern people respond to death and dying. To such the angels will descend (at death), and they will say to the angels: Man was created for death. Coffee is offered, and its a must to partake. Then they sit from the dead as far as the eye can see, after which the Angel of Death comes in order to sit at his head and says, O impure soul! The sheets are brought over the body one at a time. But when he was eight years old, his father . As soon as a Muslim person dies, it's customary to close the eyes, bind the jaw and cover the body with a clean sheet. Even in rural areas, only certain women can go with the procession. VIRTUAL BEREAVEMENT: HOW THE LEBANESE USE FACEBOOK TO EXPRESS GRIEF A Thesis presented to the Faculty of Humanties at Notre Dame University-Louaize In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master in Media Studies - Advertising by CYNTHIA GEORGES AZZI JULY 2019 Some people in rural areas get black mascara and put it on their faces, forehead, and hands so that everyone will immediately see that they are in mourning. [Go on] to the mercy and favor of Allahexalted be He.. The family of the deceased only prints 30 death notices instead of 200 for 200,000 Lebanese pounds," he said. Anon they come with it to the gate of the lowest heaven and ask that it be opened for it. # # #_ #_ . Each issue focuses on a specific topic. Today, all Lebanese speak Arabic; most of them, especially the upper and middle classes, speak French; recently, English has become increasingly important. They dig a hole in the earth to contain the water used in the washing and to keep it from spreading over a large surface, as some men and women consider it bad to tread on such water. By keeping the straight course he means believing in Allah and in His Apostle, and standing firm in the faith, though others say that it means performing the required duties and avoiding things forbidden. A civil war between Druze and Christians in Mount Lebanon where large massacres of Christians at Deir al-Qamar, Hasbaya, Rashaya and elsewhere took place. Muhammed). In Egypt, one finds three big jars in every tomb of any pharaoh: one for his heart, one for his intestines, and one for other things. The right hand is then placed on top of the left. The rituals that are practiced are specific to the religion to . Further at Sais, the suffering of Osiris was enacted yearly and images of Osiris were filled with grain and placed with the dead person as symbols of fertility and eternal life. His spirit is painfully dragged out, and hears the words, O thou pernicious soul, come forth displeased and displeasing. Penitents receive the message: Fear not about your sins, for they have been forgiven you, and grieve not that you may miss the reward because of anything you may have done subsequent to your repentance.. July 9-11, 1860. Jeffery also reports that the Prophet once said that He who is disinclined to meet with Allah is one whom Allah is disinclined to meet. In other words, when an unbeliever thinks of the punishment that has been prepared for him, he weeps for his doom and is disinclined to die, so Allah is disinclined to meet with him. Next, there is a funeral Mass, and finally, there is the graveside committal. In Muslim funerals, giving flowers to the family may vary depending on Muslim sects. Typically, people say prayers and scriptures during a wake, and often, they share special memories . For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Syrian culture is greatly influenced by its high population of Sunni Muslims. After the funeral or after the fortieth day, this cloth is given to the faqir [15] who resides in the burying-ground or to any other person deserving of charity. Instead of a casket, a flat board platform is used, held up by four assigned pallbearers and four volunteers. The left hand of the deceased is placed on the chest. Most Lebanese mark major life events, such as birth, marriage, and death, within the Islamic or Christian religious traditions. So a volunteer or the undertaker washes the body before dressing him in a beautiful way. This became an elaborate ritual when Queen . The body is cleaned well so that no offensive smell remains. If the dough remains in place, they will have a long, happy life. Come forth to the wrath of God.. So if you attend a death ceremony of a practicing Hindu, it is likely the body will be cremated. Gamali means my camel. She is saying, Oh, my camel. Of course he was not a camel, but it shows the great loss that has occurred. Verily, those who have said, Our Lord is Allah, and then have kept the straight course, on them will the angels descend [saying]: Fear not! Beirut and Damascus, Syria. Then the soul is disturbed in the infidels body. People are never buried underground. The funerals are followed by the condolences () which happen in the church saloon (right next to the church). Victoria was born in 1958, five years before Kenyan independence. Hassan Nasrallah, the leader of Hezbollah, Lebanon's largest Shia party, has denounced the ritual of self-harm and urged people to donate their blood instead. Osiris reigned in the world of the dead over the ka or soul of the dead. It's the first dance performed at the Nine-Night celebration, the ninth night preceding the funeral service. Provo, UT 84602 Each person walks in the street carrying a palm leaf. The washers cover it with a cloth that reaches, for a man, from the navel to the calves of the legs, or for a woman, from the chest to the feet. 2. By Allah, O Muhammed, did I desire to take the spirit of a gnat I could not do it till Allah gave me commandment to take it., It is related that the Apostle of Allah said: Did the animals [i.e. Cake Cutting with a Sword. If they are very close to the deceased, they can go to the tomb and attend the burial rituals. Rubbing the body with a white small piece of cloth called Karfan and tying the legs, neck and head with white cloth so the body doesn't move around. In a firmly established practice of The World of Music, high-profile guest editors are invited to design issues and see them through the entire preparation process. The predominant religion is Islam. Take turns at reading from the Quran via a tablet or if you are able to be by the bedside. Here we can see cultural interplay. However, the locals have taken all the influences of other countries and developed a set of mannerisms only they will understand. I have had personal experience with many of these. We have not accelerated his fate, so what sin are we committing in taking him? [20] I.e., they would be so terrified that they would always be thin and lean. Note, these traditions may vary depending on the individual and their own beliefs. They eat a little bite here and little bite there. They never eat dessert or any sweets during these forty days and dont even put sugar in their coffee or tea. Before shrouding the body, the family tears shreds from the clothes. From customs to received "modernities", the Lebanese have accumulated a wide mix of different cultures over the years. For example, if we take Europe as a whole, its people meet death and behave differently from the people of the Middle East. It is no longer considered shameful not to hold a formal funeral and serve food after the burial due to the financial situation and COVID-19 restrictions. When he is about to expire, any learned reader of the Quran is sent for and requested to repeat, with a loud voice, Surat Ya Sin (or Chapter 36 in the Quran), in order that the spirit of the man, by the hearing of its sound, may experience an easy concentration. [32] The Christians and Jews follow the same procedures, with some variations from one denomination to another. Ritual for Holding the Emotions of a Person Facing Death. Next they wash the sides of the body, then the back and the rest of the body, gently, because life has just departed and the body is still warm and sensitive to pain. Men only go outside. Death in Arabic is Mawt; Wafat. If a bad man, he should be speedily buried so that his unhappy lot will not fall upon others in the house, and so that the relatives of the deceased may not, by holding the corpse, weep too much or go without food. If you are not a good man on earth, you will go to hell. The washers never throw water into the nostrils or mouth but clean them with wicks of cloth or cotton. [28]. A Jewish friend recited the Mourners' Kaddish. According to the oldest Egyptian beliefs, the gods also were subject to age and could die. I dont know how they do it now, when a pound of coffee costs five dollars, but tradition requires that the family, whether poor or rich must serve black coffeevery thick and very fine. Provide clean stone for symbolic ritual washing. 6. The woman brings a group with their drums, and they begin to eulogize the beautiful characteristics of the deceased. [He continued,] Then Allah will say, Write this record in sijjin, [27] then let his spirit be thrown out.. If invited for lunch, guests usually stay past 4pm. Then the angels carry it upwards, and they do not pass by any concourse of angels who say, What is this pure soul and who is the owner of it?. They wash the corpse with warm or cold water, raising the body gently and rubbing the abdomen four or five times. Invite those present (it may be you and the dying person) to enter into silence with you and allow any feelings to rise and to be spoken. Homepage. In all cases, the death of an American citizen, whether resident or tourist in Lebanon, should be reported to the Embassy's Consular Section in Beirut. In certain cultures the family takes care of the washing but in the Middle East, the family cannot even touch the body. Dinki-Mini. Based on the words and actions of the Prophet Muhammad and originated in the 7th century A.D., Islam is a monotheistic faith based on the act of submission to the will of Allah. An interesting story about death is narrated by Al-Bara ibn cAzib, one of the companions of the Prophet: I came out with the Prophet at the funeral of one of the assistants, and we arrived just at the grave, before they had interred the body, and the Prophet sat down, and we sat around him with our heads down, and were so silent that you might say that birds were sitting upon our heads. Burying the body without a casket within 24 hours after the death. A Lebanese Shi'ite man strikes his back with knives to show his grief during Ashura rituals in the southern market town of Nabatieh, Oct. 12, 2016. Westernization, education and independence is decreasing the Lebanese culture and customs. This struck me as the opposite of Muslim and Christian culture of Egypt or the Middle East. "After the war, and after the emigration, people are no more attached to . The Kalimatu sh-shahada (the [creed]) is also read with an audible voice by those present. If they slow down, they are urged by relatives of the dead to pick up the tempo. Plus, the body shares in the final restoration of all creation. [6], The moment the spirit has fled, the mouth is closed, because it would present a disagreeable spectacle. The closer you are to a person, the more acceptable it is to decline their offers of tea, coffee, food, etc. Lebanese Traditions. It is neither enjoined in books of theology nor by the law of Islam. After the wedding, the bride would carry a piece of dough and stick it on the door of the house. [21] Sakrat al-mawt is another of the many expressions for the agony of death, or the last moments before death. Why do men wear black ties and women black garments? She is saying, "Oh, my camel.". When I first came to Utah and attended the funeral I discussed earlier, I asked myself, What do these people do? The body of the dead is uncovered, the casket is half open, the person is embalmed and powdered to look natural. Where you go in the afterlife depends on how well you followed Islamic religious codes during your life. What about Pre-Islamic Egyptian beliefs and practices concerning death? [26] These are Munkar and Nakir, the blue-eyed questioners of the dead. Some brides in Baalbek stick a piece of dough on the doors of their new houses. Spread for him a bed from the fire, clothe him in fire, open for him a door giving on the fire, through which its heat and smoke may enter to him and contract his grave so that his ribs pile on one another., Then there approaches him a man, ugly of countenance, ill dressed and foul smelling, who says to him, Receive tidings of that which will grieve you. Islamic funeral customs require that: The body be buried as soon as possible after death. Women have two additional pieces of cloth: a sinah-band or breast-band, that extends from the armpits to just above the ankle joints; the other a damini which encircles the head once and has two ends dangling on each side. [12] A white sheet of cloth to cover the lower parts of the body. Pre-Wedding Rituals. This is your day that you were promised., To which the answer will come, I am your pious works. Then [the deceased] will say: O Lord, bring on the hour that I may be again with my family and my servants.. I wanted, of course, to express my condolences to him but learned that such condolences are expressed in a mortuary. There must be no waiting. Then the Just and Most Holy God illuminated the body of Adam with lamps of light and commanded the spirit to re-enter. [17] Arthur Jeffery, A Reader on Islam (Houston, 1962), 197. The shroud for men is a special set of burial clothes: first, a lungi or izar [12] that reaches from the navel to the knees or ankle joints; second, a qamis or kurta or alfa, [13] that hangs from the neck to the knees or ankles; third, a lifafah [14] or sheet that extends above the head to below the feet. 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