U.S. citizens and LPRs have been victims of kidnapping. Workers had to buy food and other items at the company store at high markups, at times leaving them with no money at the end of the harvest after settling debts. Travel for U.S. government employees is limited to the following area with the noted restrictions: U.S. government employees may not travel to other areas of the state of Guerrero, including to tourist areas inAcapulco,Zihuatanejo, andIxtapa. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Queretaro state. The education system provided education for students with disabilities nationwide. In August 2020 attackers fired multiple shots at the building housing the printing facilities of El Diario de Iguala. Baja California state Reconsider Travel. State commissions do not have uniform reporting requirements, making it difficult to compare state data and therefore compile nationwide statistics. The year 2020 had the second-highest number of cases on record, with 8,626 reported missing or disappeared, down from 9,185 cases reported in 2019. The list named at least 50 persons linked to President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, politicians from every party, as well as journalists, lawyers, activists, prosecutors, diplomats, judges, and academics. A warrant for arrest is not required if an official has direct evidence regarding a persons involvement in a crime, such as having witnessed the commission of a crime; in a 2018 report, the domestic think tank Mexico Evalua determined that 90 percent of all arrests fell under this category. Increased crime levels and reports of incidents lead the U.S. to review its guidance for travel to Puerto Vallarta in Mexico. In July the CNB reported it had recovered more than 1,100 pounds of charred human remains from La Bartolina, Tamaulipas, a clandestine cremation site found in 2017. Bystanders have been injured or killed in shooting incidents. Officials and experts agree that the real number of Covid-19 infections and deaths is likely many times higher than the official count. Violent crime is widespread. The government says soldiers only support migration officials. The pandemic severely impacted the economy, resulting in a significant increase in the number of children engaging in child labor. Travelers may also use Highways 1 and 8 to transit to and from the Mexicali Airport during daylight hours. Under the labor reform, to negotiate a collective bargaining agreement, the union must first obtain a certificate of representativeness from the Federal Center demonstrating it has support from at least 30 percent of workers to be covered by the agreement. with disabilities attended school at a lower rate than those without disabilities. Political Parties and Political Participation: For the electoral process, the National Electoral Institute (INE) established the Three Out of Three Against Violence initiative, which required candidates to declare any history of domestic violence, sexual offenses, or failure to pay alimony. Indigenous persons generally had limited access to health care and education services. Mexico Travel Advisory Travel Advisory October 5, 2022 See State Summaries K C Last Updated: Reissued with updates to health information See state summaries and advisory levels below for information on your specific travel destination. Any work in excess of eight hours in a day is considered overtime, for which a worker is to receive double pay. The law mandates that all discrimination cases, including sexual harassment, bypass formerly mandatory conciliation and proceed directly to the labor courts. Battles for territory between criminal groups have resulted in violent crime in areas frequented by U.S. citizens and U.S. government employees, including restaurants and malls during daylight hours. The law provides time limits and conditions on pretrial detention, but federal authorities sometimes failed to comply with them since caseloads far exceeded the capacity of the federal judicial system. Thousands of people disappear every year in Mexico. September had the highest incident rate, with an average of 84 women killed in each month. In rural areas in 2019, the cause of most maternal deaths was obstetric hemorrhage. The government deployed hundreds of security forces to contain the caravan. Also in June a federal judge sentenced the former mayor of Chinipas, Chihuahua, Hugo Amed Schultz Alcaraz, to eight years in prison for his role in the 2017 murder of Miroslava Breach, a prominent La Jornada newspaper correspondent who reported on organized crime and corruption. For the past two decades, criminal groups have violentlymeddled in Mexicos elections, particularly at the municipal and state level. The Federal Center took over registration functions nationwide on November 3 and was preparing to launch a national union registry to contain all files related to union registration and statutes, collective bargaining agreements, and union financial statements. Gang violence, often associated with the theft of petroleum and natural gas from the state oil company and other suppliers, occurs in Guanajuato, primarily in the south and central areas of the state. He fled to Israel, and the government requested that the Israeli government issue an arrest warrant and extradite him. In July the secretary of the navy publicly apologized to families of the victims, marking the first time the armed forces apologized for committing forced disappearances. Twelve states have laws restricting public demonstrations. Unlike the Federal Police which the Lpez Obrador administration dismantled, the National Guard is nominally supposed to be stationed in a locality permanently. On August 7, several journalist organizations, including the Puebla Network of Journalists, National Network of Journalists, Communication, and Information on Women, and International Network of Journalists with a Gender Vision, issued a statement denouncing increased levels of violence against female journalists in Puebla from security forces and criminal organizations. The army and the navy have human rights units to create protocols and training. NGOs alleged that provisions in laws threatened the privacy of internet users by forcing telecommunication companies to retain data for two years, providing real-time geolocation data to police, and allowing authorities to obtain metadata from private communications companies without a court order. The government rarely investigated cases of alleged abusive and fraudulent recruitment practices. Impunity remains the norm. Efforts focused on implementation of the 2019 labor law reform that transformed the labor justice system. In 2019, the Supreme Court ruled that a lesbian couple from Aguascalientes state should be allowed to register a child born to one of the women as a child of both. But what I heard from interlocutors in Mexico wasa most problematic vision of the U.S. Mexico Bicentennial Framework by the Mexican government namely, that the United States should only take care of its own territory by reducing drug demand and retail in the United States and the flows of drug money and weapons to Mexico, while Mexico will do whatever it wants, without U.S. input, in Mexico. NGOs reported authorities had not implemented programs for community integration. Children performed dangerous tasks in agriculture in the production of beans, chili peppers, coffee, cucumbers, eggplants, melons, onions, tomatoes, and tobacco. Obstacles to accessing international protection related most closely to capacity limitations and lack of coordination between the relevant agencies, as opposed to government policy. And it ruled that medical staffs right to conscientiously object to performing abortions is subject to limits. The presidential cabinet had 19 secretariats, and as of August women headed seven. Google received more removal requests from government agents in 2020 than in any other year except 2014. "This province . Mexican immigration officials have refused to follow court rulings ordering them to prevent the spread of Covid-19 in immigration detention centers. According to data from the Mexican Social Security Institute, in 2020 there were approximately 278,000 workplace accidents, resulting in 666 deaths. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Mexico City. The government worked with UNHCR to improve access to refugee status and the procedure to determine refugee status, reception conditions for vulnerable migrants and refugee applicants, and integration in local communities (including access to school, work, and other social services) for those approved for refugee and complementary protection status. The government did not effectively enforce the law. On April 24, congress approved a reform to the labor law aimed at banning subcontracting of personnel for core or main economic activities in the public and private sectors. Impunity for torture was prevalent among the security forces. Significant human rights issues included credible reports of: unlawful or arbitrary killings by police, military, and other governmental officials; forced disappearance by government agents; torture and degrading treatment by security forces; harsh and life-threatening prison conditions; arbitrary arrest or detention; restrictions on free expression and media, including violence against journalists; acts of corruption; insufficient investigation of and accountability for gender-based violence, including but not limited to domestic and intimate partner violence; crimes involving violence or threats of violence targeting persons with disabilities; and crimes involving violence or threats of violence targeting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex persons. In August 2020 a federal judge sentenced Juan Carlos El Larry Moreno Ochoa to 50 years in prison for killing Breach. Investigations continued into the 2014 disappearances of 43 students from the Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers College in Iguala, Guerrero. Puerto Vallarta Crime Rate. The CDC's latest guidance on international travel for vaccinated people can be foundhere. In 2016the last year for which data is availableMexicos national statistics office surveyed more than 64,000 people incarcerated in 338 prisons. Through a nationwide assessment process, the National Search Commission (CNB) revised the governments official number of missing or disappeared persons repeatedly as additional data became available. In August Yucatan passed a law legalizing same-sex marriage, increasing the number of states making it legal to 22 of the countrys 32 states. Exercise Increased Caution When Traveling To: Exercise Normal Precautions When Traveling To: Visit our website forTravel to High-Risk Areas. From 2013 through 2020, the CNDH received 3,799 complaints. Share this via Reddit The ruling was based on the best interest of the child and the principles of equality and non-discrimination. The law prohibits compulsory overtime. Exercise increased caution when visiting local bars, nightclubs, and casinos. Government Human Rights Bodies: The CNDH is a semiautonomous federal agency created by the government and funded by the legislature to monitor and act on human rights abuses. Prosecutors continue to use arraigo detention, a mechanism allowing them to obtain judicial authorization to detain anyone for up to 40 days without charge, for interrogation. In 2019 the Prosecutor Generals Office opened a corruption investigation against Lozoya for receiving up to $10 million in bribes from the Brazilian construction firm Odebrecht. Globally, it ranks at number 19 in the list of countries with the highest . Between January and June, state authorities opened 129,020 new domestic violence investigations. As of August 16, the suspects remained in detention awaiting trial. Of all children, 7.1 percent, or two million, were younger than the minimum age of work or worked under conditions that violated federal labor law, such as performing hazardous work. Some civil society groups, however, asserted that state commissions were subservient to the state executive branch. The survey found a majority of adults are disheartened . Mexico endorsed the Safe Schools Declaration in May 2021. Reconsider travel due to crime and kidnapping. Documentation supporting a persons identity and origin was lacking. Since 2013, the number of applications received has nearly doubled every year. The Mexican government announced that homicides declined by 3.6% from. Twitter users posted threats against journalists. Discrimination in employment or occupation occurred against women, indigenous groups, persons with disabilities, LGBTQI+ individuals, and migrant workers. In November 2019, the Senate named Rosario Piedra Ibarra to head the National Human Rights Commission (CNDH). Enforcement was inadequate in many small companies, in agriculture, and in construction, and nearly absent in the informal sector in which most child laborers worked. Only 7.5 percent of the members of the executive boards of publicly traded domestic companies were female, and men held 64 percent of managerial positions throughout the country. They were vulnerable to abuse from staff members, other patients, or guests at facilities where there was inadequate supervision. In April 2021, pro-government legislators passed a law extending the terms of the Supreme Court Chief Justice and members of the Federal Judiciary Council, which controls hiring and firing of judges. The more recent map is here. Women and children were subjected to domestic servitude. The minimum age for hazardous work is 18, including all work in the agricultural sector. As a result other unions, including a new union formed by workers after the vote, gained the right to seek representation rights and negotiate a new agreement. - It's been estimated that 18% of all prisoners in Mexico City have lived in Iztapalapa. Organized criminal groups were implicated in numerous killings, acting with impunity and at times in collusion with corrupt federal, state, local, and security officials. From 2006 to 2021, authorities reported having found at least 4,000 mass graves. In June 2020, Mexico was elected as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council for 2021 to 2022. Poverty in Guanajuato. Criminal activity and violence may occur throughout Nayarit state. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor, c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment, d. Discrimination with Respect to Employment and Occupation. While on average informal workers earned less than the minimum wage, in some areas, such as near the northern border, informal employment could pay more than formal employment in the manufacturing sector. The federal government and states continued to implement the law on forced disappearances. According to NGOs, however, the state search committees often lacked the capacity to fulfill their mandate. Freedom of expression advocacy groups reported the government, despite reductions in its advertising budgets, continued to have a strong financial impact and influence on the largest media companies. Criminal cases related to such violations were rarely carried out. Federal law prohibits domestic violence and stipulates penalties for conviction of between six months and four years imprisonment. Armed groups operate independently of the government in many areas of Guerrero. The reforms prevent the registration of collective bargaining agreements known as protection contracts, which nonrepresentative unions often negotiated and signed without the knowledge of workers and undermined genuine collective bargaining. From January to June, the CNDH received nine complaints accusing government agents of forced disappearances, including five against the army and four against the National Guard. The states of Guanajuato, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas, plus Mexico City, accounted for 76 percent of reported disappearances from 2018 to June 30. There were reports some government agents were complicit with international organized criminal gangs, and prosecution and conviction rates were low for these abuses. A 2017 law made it illegal to use confessions obtained through torture as evidence at criminal trials. Government officials were mostly cooperative and responsive, with the president and cabinet officials meeting with human rights organizations, such as OHCHR, IACHR, and CNDH. In 2021, Congress repealed many of the human rights provisions of the 2018 reform. Several indigenous communities brought legal actions to oppose the construction, many of which were dismissed or denied. The National Migration Institute, under the authority of the Interior Secretariat, is responsible for enforcing migration law. In cases involving organized crime, the law allows authorities to hold suspects up to 96 hours before requiring them to seek judicial review. However, in a leaked audio recording from 2019, a senior migration official told her team they were now under the instruction and supervision of the National Guard. In September 2021, National Guard troops and Mexican immigration agents violently detained a series of caravans of asylum seekers in Chiapas state, leaving many injured. U.S. government employees may travel to other parts of Sonora state in compliance with the above restrictions, including tourist areas in: Hermosillo, Bahia de Kino, and Puerto Penasco. This was a common practice in the maquiladora sector, in which employers forced workers to take leave at low moments in the production cycle and obliged them to work in peak seasons, including the Christmas holiday period, without the corresponding triple pay mandated by law for voluntary overtime on national holidays. A 2019 constitutional reform increased the number of crimes for which pretrial detention is mandatory and bail is not available, including armed robbery, electoral crimes, fuel theft, and weapons possession. Petty crime occurs frequently in both tourist and non-tourist areas. State and federal prosecutors are independent of the executive branch and have the final authority to investigate and prosecute security force abuses. You are about to leave travel.state.gov for an external website that is not maintained by the U.S. Department of State. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Quintana Roo state, which include tourist areas in:Cancun,Cozumel, Isla Mujeres,Playa del Carmen,Tulum, andtheRiviera Maya. Federal law prohibits torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, as well as the admission of confessions obtained through illicit means as evidence in court. Organized criminal groups dominated migrant smuggling operations and often kidnapped, threatened, and extorted migrants to pay a fee for facilitating northbound travel. In July 2021, the president proposed formally placing the National Guard under military control. Barriers to accessing contraceptives stemmed from lack of knowledge, poverty, lack of access to health services, and sexual violence from family members, strangers, or friends. Due to low internet penetration and television ownership in indigenous communities, distance learning was often inaccessible. Use additional caution in areas outside of the frequented tourist areas, although petty crime occurs frequently in tourist areas as well. Women were more likely to experience discrimination in wages, working hours, and benefits. In June the government amended the General Law on Womens Access to a Life Free of Violence to include media and digital violence as a form of violence against women. Most formal-sector workers (70 percent) received between one and three times the minimum wage. Zeron led the investigation of the case by the former criminal investigations unit in the Attorney Generals Office at the time of the students disappearances. Women and pregnant people face many barriers when trying to access abortion, even when it is legal. Nor do reductions in murders mean other forms of violence, such as extortion, or criminal groups control over territories and people, have lessened. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining, b. Brazen homicides persist at unacceptable levels. However, personnel are advised to exercise increased situational awareness after dark in downtown areas of Cancun, Tulum, and Playa del Carmen, and to remain in well-lit pedestrian streets and tourist zones. The Prosecutor Generals Office owned a previous genetics database, which consisted of 63,000 profiles, and was responsible for the new database. Libel/Slander Laws: There are no federal criminal laws against defamation, libel, or slander; however, eight states have criminal laws on these acts. There were reports of numerous forced disappearances by organized crime groups, sometimes with allegations of state collusion with authorities. See state summaries and advisory levels below for information on your specific travel destination. Members of the Mayan community in Campeche reported the National Tourism Board pressured them to cease protesting and agree to leave their lands. The survey also reported that persons with darker skin completed 6.5 years of schooling, while those with white skin completed 10 years. By law the government collected biometric data from migrants. By law government health providers are obliged to offer sexual and reproductive emergency health services for survivors of sexual violence within 120 hours of the sexual assault. Ramos had been searching for her missing husband for the previous seven months as a member of two search collectives. The government generally exempted accompanying adults from detention to preserve family unity. Yucatan state Exercise Normal Precautions. In 2016, the most recent data available, INEGI reported that 44 percent of persons working in agriculture were day laborers. The Lpez Obrador administration has actively participated in abusive US immigration policies. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. It might seem that 2022 is starting off with important positive news about the crime and security situation in Mexico. Six journalists have been killed under the programs protection, four since President Lpez Obrador took office. Violent crime and gang activity are common in parts of Jalisco state. Many companies evaded taxes and social security payments by employing workers through subcontracting regimes or by submitting falsified payroll records to the Mexican Social Security Institute. An additional February reform mandated pretrial detention for femicides, sexual violence against minors, forced disappearances, and corruption. Discrimination and Societal Abuses, Systemic Racial or Ethnic Violence and Discrimination, Acts of Violence, Criminalization, and Other Abuses Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, Other Societal Violence or Discrimination, a. They lack access to buildings, transportation, and public spaces. Criminal activity and violence occur throughout the state. The most common aggressions were intimidation and harassment, followed by threats and physical attacks, according to civil society groups. In February the Attorney Generals Office arrested former Puebla governor Mario Marin and charged him with torturing journalist Lydia Cacho, who exposed Marin and several business leaders involvement in a child sex trafficking ring in 2005. Land conflicts, social and ethnic violence, or local political disputes caused other incidents. Organized criminal elements, including local and transnational gangs, and narcotics traffickers, were significant perpetrators of violent crimes and committed acts of homicide, torture, kidnapping, extortion, human trafficking, bribery, intimidation, and other threats, resulting in high levels of violence and exploitation, particularly targeting vulnerable groups. In October and November, I spent several weeks in various parts of Mexico researching the evolution of crime and security policies. The Mexican government announced that homicidesdeclined by 3.6% from the previous year to 33,308, just below the 33,739 in 2018 when Andrs Manuel Lpez Obrador became president. U.S. government employees should avoid traveling alone, especially in remote areas. Federal law sets six eight-hour days and 48 hours per week as the legal workweek. There were 50 hate-crime homicides and four forced disappearances committed against the LGBTQI+ community in the first eight months, according to the National Observatory of Crimes Against LGBTQI persons. In November, the Supreme Court overturned the law, declaring it unconstitutional. There is no single independent oversight mechanism to review police actions, but many federal and state security and justice sector institutions have internal affairs units providing internal supervision and promoting best practices for transparency and accountability. As of June, 58 percent of women in federal prison and 51 percent in municipal and state prisons were in pretrial detention, while 42 percent of men in the federal and local judicial system were in pretrial detention, according to a report from the Secretariat of Security and Civilian Protection. The government increased the CNB budget 8 percent over the 2020 budget. Their ebb and flow largely reflect choices and tit-for-tat responses by criminal groups toward one another. According to the National Womens Institute, the federal institution charged with directing national policy on equal opportunity for men and women, sexual harassment in the workplace was a significant problem. Employees traveling to Manzanillo from Guadalajara must use Federal Toll Road 54D during daylight hours. On August 7, Yucatan governor Mauricio Villa announced the arrest of four police officers, but on August 14, a judge set them free due to a lack of evidence. In August 2021, President Lpez Obrador held a referendum on whether past political actors since 1988 should be tried for crimes including electoral fraud, corruption, and loss of lives to neoliberalism. On March 11, an anticorruption and antinepotism constitutional reform granted the Federal Judiciary Council the administrative organ of the federal court system more oversight over district and appeals courts and limited hiring authorities of individual judges. There were 46 female candidates for governor; from 2012 to 2018, there cumulatively only 42. As a lawyer there put it: The National Guard are the most expensive mannequins in Mexico.. Enrollment of children with disabilities decreased by 40 percent during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to Yo Tambien. 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